I was hanging out with my awesome paleo buddies Ashley Hall and MaggieJo Widdicombe at the Museum of the Rockies's Virtual Fossil Fridays, and MaggieJo, who loves Pachyrhinosaurus, pointed out that P. lakustai has a single horn on its forehead anterior to its frill, and she thought that made it look like a unicorn. She then said she'd love to see an actual P. lakustai unicorn, and I just had to draw that.

Man, I want an entire toy line of dinosaurs turned into fantasy creatures. I would have gone crazy for that as a kid. I was a strange child. While other girls my age were playing with dolls or crushing on boy bands, I was reading encyclopedias and building computers. And I turned out just fine(????).

One of my (many) paleo art pet peeves is when people under-muscle dinosaurs. I see this a lot with ceratopsians and hadrosaurs. Some reconstructions just give them these way twiggy limbs, which is ludicrous considering how much bulk those limbs are supposed to be holding up. You can't follow limb bones too closely when putting flesh on an animal--there's a lot of muscle and skin built around those things. If you look at the skeleton of a rhinoceros (a good modern equivalent to a ceratopsian), they actually have rather svelte limb bones--it's just that they're well-covered with thick muscle and tough hide. Let's make our dinosaurs adequately chonky, folks! Soft tissue is a thing!

 With the Pokémon Fan Club, I not-so-subtly commented on fandoms that are really scary and toxic. Like, I thought the whole point of getting together with other fans of a franchise was to enjoy it together, not to argue and bully and make other people feel bad for liking something differently than you do?

On a related note, I'm still playing through Legends: Z-A and Naveen is driving me up the wall. I understand what they were trying to do with his character, but he's so obnoxious with his arrogance, and making it clear he doesn't want anything to do with anyone, and obsession with a celebrity to the point of prioritizing watching her stream over lives in danger, it's not even funny. I just really, really hope he displays some sort of redeeming quality by the end of the game. And by that I mean character development that gives him likeable traits, not some sort of shallow "I showed up to help you save the day and that means we're best friends now" nonsense. I swear if the writers pull that stunt I'm going to have to dock the game points in the story department.

Fun fact: In the original Japanese version, the Pokémon Fan Club is called the Pokémon Daisuki ("We Love Pokémon") Club. In 2004, Nintendo created a real life Pokémon Daisuki Club in Japan whose members have access to exclusive merchandise and media. Its English-language equivalent is Pokémon Trainer Central. It's always fun when franchise creators sort of bring a part of the fictional universe to life like that.

 When this NPC says that, I always get really confused about whether he's referring to someone else's Pikachu, or your hypothetical Pikachu.

So if you don't have a hypothetical Pikachu, it's a very odd thing for him to say to you.

 My friend Chris Lintott and I were commenting on cute cartoon versions of spacecraft, and I mentioned I wanted to retroactively anthropomorphize past space missions, and then the ideas just started coming. Chris had the idea of encounters with the Great Galactic Ghoul, a fictional entity supposed to be responsible for the failures of spacecraft headed to Mars. The Ghoul was created by a journalist in 1969, and subsequently adopted by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and even mentioned lightheartedly in some of its official documents.

Mars Polar Lander was launched in January 1999 and was supposed to have landed in December of that year. Instead, communications dropped just before cruise stage separation, and that was the last we ever heard from MPL. The mission failure was probably caused by a software error that caused the onboard computer to mistake the landing legs deploying for actual touchdown. Whoops.

I'm still a little bit sore about MPL because I'd put my name on it:

That said, the concept of sending a lander to the polar regions of Mars was later resurrected for the Phoenix mission (pun intended by the mission team), which was phenomenally successful. So all's well that ends well.

Also, I'm fairly certain this is the first time in 56 years that someone's drawn fan art of the Great Galactic Ghoul. You're welcome.

 There are fans and then there are fans.

Maybe we can all just stop fighting about what constitutes a "true fan" and acknowledge that everybody likes a thing in their own individual way?

 The Crystal Palace Dinosaurs need more love! I just really wanted to draw fan art of them. (I know, I need to get better at photographing my art. I'm trying. Lighting is hard.) (I know my lettering also isn't great. An attempt was made. Ironically, my grandmother is a professional calligrapher. I don't know what happened with me.) I definitely need to go see these guys on my (as-yet-hypothetical) grand tour of nerdy places in the UK (which will of course include Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics).

The Crystal Palace Dinosaurs get maligned a lot for being inaccurate depictions of dinosaurs, but considering that no complete (or indeed articulated) skeletal remains of dinosaurs were known at the time of their creation, you have to cut Waterhouse Hawkins a lot of slack. Hawkins was an extremely skilled wildlife illustrator who was probably the best person in England for the job of trying to come up with believable animals based on fragmentary remains. I think his designs, while incorrect, are actually much more biomechanically workable than those ghastly waddling-tripod dinos of the late 19th century to late 20th century. (That one is Louis Dollo's fault, and he tried with those Bernissart Iguanodon, I know, but if you have to straight up break a specimen's tail to get it into the posture you want, that is probably not the right posture for it.) 

If you look closely at the Iguanodon sculptures, you'll notice that they even have beaks. There was no cranial material known for Iguanodon at the time, which makes this all the more remarkable on Hawkins's part, because Iguanodon really did have beaks. A genius inference.

Fun fact: Hawkins's Megalosaurus has that big shoulder hump at Richard Owen's request; he was directing Hawkins's sculptures, and was aware of a set of tall-spined vertebrae that he referred to Megalosaurus (which at the time was basically a wastebasket taxon for all large theropods). Because these vertebrae were found on their own, it was anyone's guess where they went on the animal, so it seemed reasonable at the time to give "Megalosaurus" a tall shoulder hump like bison have. Nowadays the specimen is referred to Altispinax, which may have been related to Concavenator, meaning those tall spines formed a weird mini-hump in the middle of the back. Interesting case of a dinosaur being reconstructed inaccurately because too many unrelated animals were lumped into the same genus.

I'm a big fan of the work of Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins, and that's why I wrote him into my novel Thunder Girl. If you want a really beautiful treatment of his work with sculpting prehistoric animals, I highly recommend the picture book The Dinosaurs of Waterhouse Hawkins by Barbara Kerley and Brian Selznick.

 This NPC's dialogue is supposed to tip you off to the fact that in earlier Pokémon games, a poisoned Pokémon's health would steadily decrease outside of battle as you walked, until it fainted. But I just imagined a different story involving a negligent Trainer not noticing his own Pokémon getting poisoned. (I feel really bad for that Clefairy, though.)

In later games, this mechanic was amended so that a Pokémon was cured of poison when it reached 1 HP, thus preventing the player character from potentially blacking out and being sent back to the nearest Pokémon Center at an inconvenient time. More recent games have done away with this mechanic altogether, which is kind of nice because that poison sound effect reminding you that your Pokémon's health was depleting was kind of stressful.